Diagnosing Noncancerous (Benign) Breast Conditions

How are benign breast conditions and infections diagnosed?

To diagnose a breast condition, your healthcare provider will take your complete health history. Your provider may also:

Do a complete physical exam to:
- Locate any lump and feel its features, such as texture, size, and relationship to the skin and chest muscles
- Look for changes in the nipples or the skin of the breast
- Check lymph nodes under the arm and above the collarbones
Request imaging tests, including:
- Diagnostic mammography to look for masses and calcifications
- Breast ultrasound to further evaluate information from the physical exam or mammography
- MRI of the breast
Request a lab microscopic exam of nipple discharge if there is nipple discharge other than breastmilk
Request a ductogram X-ray or MRI ductogram of the nipples if there is nipple discharge other than breastmilk
Consider a hormonal evaluation if the nipple discharge is milky
Request a biopsy of tissue removed from the suspicious area

Image-guided biopsies. Those aided by ultrasound or other imaging techniques, including:

Fine needle aspiration. A very fine or thin needle is guided into the suspicious area. A small sample of the tissue is removed.
Core needle biopsy. A larger needle is guided into the lump to remove a small core (cylinder) of tissue.

Surgical biopsy. A surgical procedure is used to remove all or part of a lump.

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